On the web buying and selling has grown significantly in the past few years. The share trader need to make use of a dealer to type in the stock order placed.

Cooking Up a Few Good Stocks

Using good flavored stocks is a staple in many dishes. It's also a base for many soups. Here a few ideas and recipes to get you started

Chicken Stock
This is a very versatile stock and is easy to make.

Yield: 2 quarts (appx.)

Ingredients:

3 Qt. Water
3-4 Lb. Chicken, cut into quarter or halves (to fit into your pot), well rinsed
2 Onions, large, chopped
3 Celery stalks with leaves, chopped
5 Parsley Sprigs, cut up (Dried parsley flakes can be substituted)
2 Carrots, chopped
1 ½ tsp. Salt
½ tsp. Pepper
3 Bay Leaves
1 Rosemary "branches", chopped (Dried & crushed rosemary can be substituted)
2 Cloves Garlic, crushed (Garlic powder can be substituted
1 Tbsp. Worcestershire Sauce
1 Tbsp Olive Oil (Other oil can be substituted)

Steps:

1. Put oil and vegetables in large pot and sauté until soft. Bring to a boil
2. Add water, chicken pieces and all spices. Reduce to a simmer.
3. Cover pot partially and allow it to simmer for about 3 hours.
4. Remove chicken and allow it to cool.
5. Taste the stock and if not flavorful enough, simmer it for another 30 minutes or so.
6. Strain the stock. Chill in airtight jars until ready to use, or freeze in airtight containers
7. Remove the fat from the top of the stock just before you use it.

Light Stock
Use this in a consommé, or a light soup, or as the base for a sauce. It's traditionally made with veal bones, but you can use lamb, ham, or chicken bones instead.

Yield: 1 Gallon

Ingredients:

. Water, enough to cover all bones in your pot)
6 Lb. Ham, Lamb, Veal or Chicken bones
2 Onions, large, chopped
3 Celery stalks with leaves, chopped
8- 10 Parsley Sprigs, cut up (Dried parsley flakes can be substituted)
2 Carrots, chopped
1 Tbsp. Olive Oil (Other oil can be substituted)
1 ½ tsp. Salt
½ tsp. Pepper
2 Garlic Cloves, crushed (Garlic Powder may be substituted)
1 Tbsp. Worcestershire Sauce
5 Bay Leaves
2 Rosemary "branches", chopped (Dried & crushed rosemary can be substituted)

Steps:

1. Put bones and vegetables oil in a large pot and cover with water. Bring to a boil.
2. Skim off the scum from the top and add all spices. Reduce to a simmer.
3. Cover pot partially and allow it to simmer for about 3 hours. Remove the scum as needed
4. Remove bones and allow stock to cool.
5. Strain through a fine-mesh strainer lined with three or four layers of cheesecloth. Push ingredients through the cloth and strainer with a large spoon
6. Let stock completely cool and remove any fat from the surface.
7. Chill in airtight jars until ready to use, or freeze in air tight containers

Beef Stock
This is a very versatile stock but takes longer to make than chicken or light stock

Yield: 2 quarts (appx.)

Ingredients:

3 Qt. Water
5 Lb. Beef bones with meat on it, trimmed to remove any fat
1-2 Lb. Beef -any kind of uncooked beef except ground beef (stew meat, pieces of roast, etc.)
1 Carrot, chopped
2 Onions, large, chopped
2 Celery stalks with leaves, chopped
5 Parsley Sprigs, cut up (Dried parsley flakes can be substituted)
1 Tomato, chopped
2 tsp. Salt
¾ tsp. Pepper
5 Bay Leaves
2 Rosemary "branches", chopped (Dried & crushed rosemary can be substituted)
2 Cloves Garlic, crushed (Garlic powder can be substituted
1 Tbsp. Worcestershire Sauce
1 Tbsp. Olive Oil (Other oil can be substituted)

Steps:

1. Place the beef bones only (not the meat) onto a baking pan, (do not use foil) and put the pan into the oven at 400F and bake for about 10 - 12 minutes, being careful it does not burn.
2. Put the oil into the pot and heat. Once heated, add the onions and sauté, stirring constantly.
3. Add the carrots and once caramelization has begun, add the tomato
4. Once the vegetables have gotten a fairly dark caramelized color, add the celery.
5. Remove the bones from the oven, discarding any burn sections and add with the extra meat to the pot.
6. Add water to cover the bones, meat and vegetable. Add all remaining ingredients and bring to a boil.
7. Reduce to a simmer, partial cover the pot and let simmer for about 7 hours
8. Your baking sheet tray now contains particles from the bones and trim that have dripped out onto the bottom of the pan. Add a little water and place on your stove on low heat. Gently scrape the dripping and mix with the water. Add this mixture to your simmering pot of stock.
9. Occasionally skim the fat from the surface of the stock. Add water as necessary to keep the bones, etc. completely covered.
10. Remove from heat and allow the liquid to cool. Strain and chill in airtight jars until ready to use, or freeze in air tight containers

stock promoters

RT&#39;s &#39;Occupy&#39; coverage nominated for Emmy <b>news</b> award — RT

RT has been nominated for the International Emmy Award in the news category for its coverage of the Occupy Wall Street movement which began in New York last year. RT was one the first channels to thoroughly report about ...

RT&#39;s &#39;Occupy&#39; coverage nominated for Emmy <b>news</b> award — RT

Why Topic Pages Haven&#39;t Worked For <b>News</b> Websites Yet

Yesterday we outlined why topic pages are becoming increasingly popular on the Web, as a way to organize social or news content. As daily consumers of such content, we're used to the chronological (and often real-time) ordering of updates ...

Why Topic Pages Haven&#39;t Worked For <b>News</b> Websites Yet

How breaking <b>news</b> works now, and why Storyful wants to help <b>...</b>

As more and more breaking news comes to us through social media, the task of determining what is true and what isn't becomes exponentially harder. Storyful says that crowdsourcing is the best way to do this, and so it has ...

How breaking <b>news</b> works now, and why Storyful wants to help <b>...</b>

Making your home Wheelchair accessible. Properly first thing to discover could be the elevation that you will possess.

So let me outline the plot for you. San Francisco is spending over 700,000 dollars of our hard earned taxes on a ramp. Yes, it's not a new building. It's just a ramp for that amount. I didn't realize wheelchair access had gotten so expensive. Oh wait, it hasn't. When I google wheelchair ramps this is the first sponsored result: Wheelchair Ramps 50% Off - Big Ramp Selection Starting at $29. That took me all of five seconds. Now I realize those super cheap ramps are the ugly metal ones that are not built in. (Although you could bolt them down for a few bucks extra) However this goes to show how grossly overpriced this ramp is. The labor costs were over 200,000 dollars. Over 200,000 dollars. I'm repeating it so you can try to picture that amount. San Francisco could have put around 3 needy kids through college with that.

Now I realize this ramp is in the City Hall and they want it to be historically accurate. Okay, fair enough. I'm sure you can find a history professor more than willing to take a few hours to help out. Oops, we can't even do that. We needed to pay people almost 50,000 dollars for that job. I apologize in advance if my writing becomes incoherent, the longer I type the more infuriated with San Francisco I become. Did the city ever identify other options? Did it for a moment consider how it could lower costs? I do not believe so. Why is that? It's not their money.

If local government officials had to pay out of their own pocket for this then they would not be doing this ridiculous ramp. In these tough economic times where our government is broke, why not have a little fiscal responsibility? Buy a temporary ramp for one hundred dollars and focus on things that matter instead. With 700,000 dollars we could help people who truly need it. The part that really gets me is that city officials have claimed they are glad it won't cost over a million dollars like they originally thought. I am ashamed these people were elected.

handicap ramps, handicap ramp, wheelchair ramps

Xbox Live Adds NBC <b>News</b>, Bringing Rachel Maddow, Hardball <b>...</b>

Microsoft continues to add content partners for Xbox, pushing the game console into the center of the living room as more of a digital entertainment hub. The latest update, which goes live today, will bring a lot more news ...

Xbox Live Adds NBC <b>News</b>, Bringing Rachel Maddow, Hardball <b>...</b>

After Tony Scott error, will <b>news</b> orgs now think twice about following <b>...</b>

Standing for journalism, strengthening democracy | Journalism training, media news & how to's.

After Tony Scott error, will <b>news</b> orgs now think twice about following <b>...</b>

OKCPS Reviews Dress Code After Student Asked To Change T <b>...</b>

Last week, the principal at Wilson Elementary asked 5-year-old Cooper Barton to turn his University of Michigan t-shirt inside-out.

OKCPS Reviews Dress Code After Student Asked To Change T <b>...</b>

Stocks with small price/book proportions or price/earnings rates. In times past, value futures have enjoyed larger typical dividends in comparison with growth shares (stocks and shares having high price/book or even P/E ratios) in a range of international locations

The Wall Street Stock Market has bounced back, after yesterday's sell-off. On February 27, the Dow Industrials plunged 416 points, causing unease among investors.

On Tuesday, February 17, the Dow dropped 416 points, which was 3.3 percent. This was the largest single-day point loss since the day the stock market reopened after the September 11, 2001 attacks, according the CNN.

Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke calmed investors after he told a House panel the the markets seem to be "working well" and are functioning normally. He also said that the sell off hasn't altered the Fed's view on U.S. economic growth.

After the Federal Reserved Chairman's remarks, the Dow soared more than 100 points.

The Fed Chairman allayed some fears of a slowdown in the in the U.S. and Chinese economies that brought on Tuesday's drop. There were remarks earlier in the week from former Fed Chairman Alan Greenspan, warned that a U.S. recession could take hold this year. Greenspans remarks may have contributed to Tuesday's declines.

A Commerce Department report that the U.S. economy grew at an annual rate of 2.2 percent in the fourth quarter. The reading of the gross Domenic product was slightly below expectations, but they were not as low as some investors feared they would be.

Bernanke's comments and the GDP report helped depressed stock prices look a little more attractive. "It's typical that you get a bounce back the next day,; said Joseph V. Battipahlia, Chief Investment Officer and Ryan Bect & Company "Now we're essentially flat on the year. Can we go up from here or down? That sorting-out process will continue now."

According to NASDAQ, Bernanke reassured investors, saying "there didn't seem to be any single trigger for Tuesday's sell-off. He also noted that financial markets "seem to be working well" and that there has been "no material change" in the Fed's expectation for the U.S. economy. In fact, he said today's downward revision of Q4 GDP is "More consistent with our overall view of the economy" than the original report and that there's a "reasonable possibility" that the economy will show signs of strengthening as the year progresses.

"The Fed Chairman also put to rest concerns about sub prime mortgage lending spreading into the broader economy and said he sees no liquidity problem. Both items contributed to yesterday's widespread panic, and have provided an added sense of comfort for bargain hunter believing the sell-off was overdone." According to NASDAQ

NASDAQ reported that Wireless Services were the day's best performing S&P Industry group. Investors applauded Sprint Nextel which showed a 33% rise in their fourth quarter profits.

The biggest gain in the Dow was by Proctor and Gamble, which soared nearly 4 percent. Pharmaceutical maker Merck rose 2 percent after raising its full year earnings forecast. American Express jumped 2.3 percent.

Home builder shares fell amid concerns about the housing slump. New home sales experienced their steepest plunge in 13 years in January, according to a government report. The rising glut of new houses on the market pushed prices lower.

The Commerce Department said gross domestic product, which is the nation's broadest measure of the nation's economic activity, rose 2.2 percent in the fourth quarter, versus an earlier estimate of 3.5 percent growth.

The China Shanghai Composite Index fell nearly 9 percent Tuesday. The China Shanghai Composite Index showed a recovery today, helping to boost U.S. stocks.

penny stock promoters in new york

Understanding infertility in cows could shed light on humans&#39; too - Kplu

News for Seattle and the Northwest · Your MoneyWorth the deal? Groceries get a personalized price · Education Three Wash. Head Start programs on the ropes · Obituary Tuskegee airman G. Hickman dies in Seattle at 88 ...

Understanding infertility in cows could shed light on humans&#39; too - Kplu

Stock Market <b>News</b> for August 20, 2012 - Zacks.com

Encouraging earnings results coupled with consumer confidence data and leading indicators drove the markets higher on Friday.

Stock Market <b>News</b> for August 20, 2012 - Zacks.com

Chocolate Benefits: Research Suggests Sweet Can Help Blood <b>...</b>

The Internet Newspaper: News, Blogs, Video, Community. Edition: U.S.. CA Canada · Québec · FR France · ES Spain · US United States · UK United Kingdom. FRONT PAGE · Politics · GOP Senate Candidate: Victims Of ...

Chocolate Benefits: Research Suggests Sweet Can Help Blood <b>...</b>

Exactly what is the Wall street game? It is a great organized method where by any individual along with all people can often acquire or even advertise his or her stocks or gives you

This article on how to manage a stock portfolio for beginners contains; research tips, important points in managing a portfolio, rules to trade by, recommended online brokers, and a checklist to follow for beginning investors at the end of the article. - Many investors choose to have a financial advisor to handle their stock and investment portfolio. As a financial advisor in training I would agree to this statement only because I would want your business. No investor needs a financial advisor. If you have over a hundred thousand dollars and would like to get involved in investing you should definitely seek some professional advice to protect your money. If you are an average working man/woman then you should try investing on your own. Anyone over the age of 18 can trade stock, and should. I have learned many valuable lessons (such as patience) through investing. Anyone can manage a stock portfolio. Anyone can drive a car also, but it doesn't mean you won't hit a tree or slide off of the road every once in a while. Successful investing takes discipline, skill, money, and lots and lots of research.

Best Places for Research (Free)
Practice makes perfect. Research and "mock" investing are the best ways to make sure you are headed in the right direction. Mock investing is fun and can lead to success in the actual stock market. Mock investing with research is the best "training" you can get to succeed. Don't underestimate the value of practicing before you take the plunge into actual investments. Here are two great free places to get started researching and mock investing.

Yahoo.com/finance
Yahoo Finance is my favorite place to create mock portfolios and track their performance. This is a good way to start before you invest actual money. You can enter in purchase prices of stocks and track your gains or losses. Yahoo provides free charts, company information, and more.

Motley Fool Caps
The place where the voice of the people reins king. User's rate stocks, give recommendations, and explain why the stock will soar or fall. A good place to find stocks to watch is the top rated section of Motley Fool Caps. I have found several solid companies from user recommendations. This site also allows a user to create a portfolio and tracks performance. You can compete in contests against all of the other users and their stock selections.

Invest Online
In the internet brokerage world it is very easy to setup an account, transfer funds, and purchase a portfolio worth of stock in a matter of days if not hours(2 recommendations for online brokers are located near the end of the article). After choosing an online stock broker you have the task of transferring money to your account which is extremely simple. Automatic transfers, direct deposit from your employer, and mailing a check are a few of the many options to fund your portfolio.

Important Points in Managing a Stock Portfolio

Learn How to Read Financial Statements
A very important part of researching companies to invest in is to read their financial statements. This seems like a long and boring task when all you want to do is get in the action and make some trades, but is necessary to become a successful investor. The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) provides a lot of information on it's website to beginning investors. There is a great article on Beginners' Guide to Financial Statements that gives a beginner a good understanding of financial statements and how to read them.

Track Company News & Earnings Reports
As a parent is concerned with his/her children's report card grades, an investor should be as concerned and interested in company news and earnings reports of stocks they hold. A piece of good news or bad news can change your entire investment within minutes. On yahoo finance you can set alerts for any news that comes out about one of your company's stock. Much like reading financial statements, learning what to make of earnings reports is not easy but very important. Here is a great article on how earnings reports are important, how they work, and how to read them.

Set Goals
Most investors don't enter the market for pure fun. Whether you're investing for your children's college fund or a new set of golf clubs write out your goals. If you are constantly reminded of why you are investing it will help keep your thoughts focused on your goals. It is good to set monthly and yearly goals. A goal I try to set for myself is to earn over 10% a year, which is considered to be the average return of stock investing.

Don't Repeat Mistakes
When I first started investing I focused my research and money on penny stocks. I now know that penny stocks are the most unpredictable investment (more like high stakes gambling). Investing in penny stocks in the world of financial investments is similar to playing Russian Roulette at your family board game night. Several trades into penny stock investing I quickly learned my lesson and lost my money.

The key to anything in life is learning from your mistakes. A good thing to do is keep a log of the bad investment choices and the good ones and refer to this oftern before making your next stock purchase. Even the best of us mistakes, but the best do not make the same mistakes again.

Get Over the Woulda Shoulda Coulda's
This is one that I am not personally capable of. Every day I think of opportunities missed and mistakes that cannot be reversed. The one that always gets me is Jones Soda (JSDA). I first purchased shares of JSDA at .25 a share. I put just $500 in the stock as I knew it was risky. Nearly a year later I sold all of my shares at $3 making a nice profit of $5500! There was no logical reason to sell but I did. A year and a half later the stock peaked at $30 a share!!! Its hard dealing with the fact that I missed out on $60,000 but it is something that is important to forget so you can move on and find the next great investment. Also this is a one in a million shot as most penny stocks fail and not flourish such as Jones Soda. Focus your regret on your research and not on "what if".

Rules to Trade By

Diversify
You know the saying "don't put all of your eggs in one basket". This rule applies heavily to investing. You want to invest in different sectors, different capitals (Large caps, small caps, etc.), and in different countries. A good plan is to find the top performing companies in each sector, country, and capital to track in a mock portfolio. Diversifying is important because at any given time a sector, or country can take a substantial hit that could severely damage your portfolio. An extreme example would be if you only owned oil companies and the world ran out of oil. If America is in a recession then focus in thriving countries around the world. Many companies from other countries are traded publicly in U.S. exchanges. You most certainly don't need one stock in every sector and/or country, but a decent mix will prove to be beneficial to your portfolio's value.

Think Long Term
If you are investing in stocks to become instantly rich, then you will soon learn that this is not an easy task. Even the best company's stock can suffer during a recession. Investing long term will help to balance out the bad times with the good times. Don't buy a stock because it will go up today, buy a stock because it will succeed over the next 10 years. If you think long term when making your selections, you are already ahead of most beginning investors.

Start with Large "Blue-Chip" Companies
The smaller the price the more volatile. If the price of a stock is low, that doesn't mean it's cheap, it means it's risky. Start with larger companies whose price is usually around $40-100 a share. There are exceptions to every rule and there are many small cap stocks that will skyrocket. But as you are beginning to learn the stock market, stick with the more established and hopefully stable companies.

Set Stop Loss
Unless you are investing with a very small and forgettable amount of money, you want to protect your equity. A good way to protect yourself from losing most or all of your investment is to set a stop loss. You should set a stop loss at a point where you would be losing 15-20% of your total investment. Although it is very important to invest for the long term and keep your money in your investments, a loss has to stop somewhere. I have had positions fall 60% in the matter of a week or two simply because I did not set a stop-loss. Then I face the tough challenge of whether to hold on and pray that it rebounds or sell and take a substantial loss.

Example: You buy Visa (V) at $75 a share. $75 divided by 1.15 (15 percent) is $65. In your portfolio next to the listing of Visa stock you would click on sell. When the sell screen comes up make sure to select sell limit (some brokers have a selection that says stop-loss, others don't). Once under sell limit you would simply enter $65. The trade will not happen unless Visa went under $65. The reason you want to do this is to protect your money in case of a major sell-off in that companies stock.

Don't Get Trigger Happy
My biggest problem when starting an investment portfolio at the age of 18 was making rash decisions and then changing my mind soon after making them. It got to the point where it didn't matter how good my trades were, my fees from excessive trades were more than I would ever make from stock performance.

Keep your positions to 20 or less to start with-
It is important to put a cap on your active positions. A good number for a portfolio is between 15-20 stocks. The 15-20 does not include mutual funds or ETF's that you may be holding for decades and do not actively watch. The stocks in your portfolio should be monitored often, and because of this it is important to limit your investments.

Recommended Online Brokers for Beginners

An online broker is the way to go. Stock investing online is cheap and simple. Actual brokers can charge upwards of $50 a trade. Online brokers leave most of the research and work up to you but offer easy simple trading at a very affordable price. Here are the two best online brokers for beginners based on my experience.

Scottrade- $500 account minimum is lower than average, $7 market trades. Scottrade has very good customer service and offices in most states where you are assigned a representative who can help you with any issues or concerns.

Sharebuilder- The best site for beginners hands down. No minimums and you can invest for only $4 a trade if you use the automatic investment plan. You can invest a certain amount in an investment instead of a certain number of shares. Depending on how you invest there are fees monthly or yearly.

Checklist
- Research first. You need to spend a significant amount of time researching stock trends, charts, and financial statements before investing.
- Mock trade. Set up a Yahoo Finance account, and create a portfolio and track the performance of stocks you pick.
- Set up an online broker account ( Scottrade, Sharebuilder, etc.) Research fees, trade limits, etc.
- Transfer money into account (Start with between $1000-5000 if available, until you get your feet wet)
- Research More! Check out ratings of companies on different financial websites. If you are sold on a company, try to find reasons it will fail. If you cannot find reasons it will fail then you may just have something.
- Start investing. Make a few trades and track them closely. If you make a few dollars, don't get excited get cautious and protect your investments with stop-loss trades.
- Monitor stocks at least twice a week, track news.
- Hold your positions. Don't profit-take unless there is something that warrants it. If negative company information is revealed, then protecting your equity by selling your stock is the right thing to do. Just be careful of selling your stock for no reason.

Now get started, have fun, and learn from your mistakes. The stock market can be overwhelming and has crippled many egos. Do your research and know why you are investing in a company before you hit the "finalize trade" button.

xtylgop
pcjyswp
rssek
jrayv
xukwt
ryuhhaex
hdnutces gkopce
nrunbc
fxxznf

Michael Jackson Websites Shut Down for Copyright Infringement <b>...</b>

A federal judge in Los Angeles has blocked a Canadian memorabilia merchant from using Michael Jackson-related domain names, reports Reuters. Howard Ma.

Michael Jackson Websites Shut Down for Copyright Infringement <b>...</b>

Huffington Post Launches HuffPost Live Web Video <b>News</b> Channel <b>...</b>

Every Web site is trying its hand at video news, but Arianna Huffington is throwing a lot of bodies at her new venture. She'd like you to chime in, too.

Huffington Post Launches HuffPost Live Web Video <b>News</b> Channel <b>...</b>

Robot worm laughs off your attempts to squash it dead <b>...</b> - CNET <b>News</b>

It wriggles, it writhes, it explores your insides! The hardy Meshworm crawls like the real thing and could take on military tasks. Read this blog post by Tim Hornyak on Crave.

Robot worm laughs off your attempts to squash it dead <b>...</b> - CNET <b>News</b>

Disadvantages involving buying and selling throughout dime stocks

Online stock trading can be a tricky investment unless one is aware of exactly what they are doing. People have always made money with the stock market, but many have also lost their entire savings by playing the market. With the introduction of the internet, people can now do trades at home with their computer. Online stock trading has become a hot option in order to increase one's wealth. Many different professional trading businesses are on the net, but a few are better known and have a proven track record. This proven record can influence a person to do business with them over others.

One of the best known online stock trading companies that has a proven track record since 1983 is E*TRADE Financial. E*TRADE has a wonderful website that is easy to navigate and offers the option of various trades for fees as low as $6.99 depending on how many stocks a person is going to trade. By using E*TRADE, a person can increase their wealth quickly and easily if they just follow the instructions given by E*TRADE.

Another online stock trading company that is very well known is Scottrade. According to their website, they claim that they are cheaper than E*TRADE. They offer $7 trading for shares on the NYSE, AMEX, NASDAQ, and OTC. However, if a broker is used, that fee jumps to $27. The website of this online stock trading brokerage is much easier to navigate than E*TRADE. Scottrade also offers a multitude of platforms that an investor can trade on if they so desire. The company does have the most branch offices nationwide compared to E*TRADE and Fidelity. Scottrade offers 302 offices that have experienced brokers ready and willing to help with free stock trading information.

Fidelity is another well know online stock trading company that many investors use. As far as value, Fidelity is one of the most expensive houses to use. Their prices range from $19.95 to $8.00. Of course, this all depends on how many trades a person will do in one year. Information on this website is harder to understand if a person is a novice to the internet stock trading scene. One may have to contact customer service in order to set up their first trade. A downfall of this online stock trading website is that an entire page is devoted to "fine print" and that can only mean extra fees for a person investing.

Online stock trading has been a great addition to the worldwide web for many people. However, various people have tried to make money on the web without doing the proper research, and this has lead to a great many losses. Stock trading can be very confusing, and the best way for a novice to try their hand at online stock trading is to use the services provided by a professional such as E*TRADE, Scottrade, or Fidelity. With their guarantee, little money may be lost.

top penny stocks to watch , penny stock promoters - investor relations company

Handicap Ramps For Just About Every Room In The House

Joseph Bragg is a "regular Joe" from Summers County. A Korean War veteran, he has lived in West Virginia all his life. When he had to go to the county courthouse in Hinton over a property dispute, he never thought that he would be filing a bigger suit of his own later that day. Since the city has many historical buildings, the courthouse being one, it was not accessible to people with disabilities. The courtroom was on the second floor and there was no elevator, only stairs to reach it. Mr. Bragg was faced the indignation of being carried up two flights of stairs by the Deputy Sheriff and another man because he used a wheelchair. However it was only until later, when he had to use the restroom, and had his son carry him to the first floor, only to find that his wheelchair would not fit through the door, did he get angry. He decided to file a complaint with the Department of Justice (http://www.usdoj.gov/crt/ada/sumstor.htm).

The American Disabilities Act, passed in 1990, has helped many people like Joe gain access to their communities. They no longer face the discrimination, segregation, and alienation of people with disabilities in years past. When the Rehabilitation Act was passed in 1973, it was a step towards, but not the complete path towards equal opportunity, accessibility, and inclusion in everyday society for people with disabilities. In the following pages, cases prior to and after the ADA will be discussed, including the still present need for public places to become accessible to people with disabilities.

Prior to the passage of the American Disabilities Act, Congress passed the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. This includes a section on the Employment of Individuals with Disabilities. This section states that "Each department, agency, and instrumentality (including the United States Postal Service and the Postal Rate Commission) in the executive branch shall, within one hundred and eighty days after September 26, 1973, submit to the Commission and to the Committee an affirmative action program plan for the hiring, placement, and advancement of individuals with disabilities in such department, agency, or instrumentality. Such plan shall include a description of the extent to which and methods whereby the special needs of employees who are individuals with disabilities are being met" (http://www.eeoc.gov/policy/rehab.html). This was clearly a huge step in the way of making society accessible for people with disabilities.

A case that occurred before the passage of the American Disabilities Act in 1990 was City of Cleburne v. Cleburne Living Center (1985). The Cleburne Living Center, Inc. planned on leasing a building as a group home for the mentally retarded, and was told by the City of Cleburne that they would need a special permit and classified the building as a "hospital for the feebleminded" under a zoning ordinance covering the area. The Living Center then filed suit against the city alleging that the zoning ordinance violated the equal protection rights of the incorporation and of its potential residents. The District Court held that the ordinance was constitutional. The Court of Appeals reversed that decision saying that mental retardation was a "quasi-suspect" classification, and the ordinance was invalid because it did not further an important governmental purpose (http://supct.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/historics/USSC_CR_0473_0432_ZS.html). This case put the rights of people with disabilities in the public eye again and enforced all aspects of the Equal Protections Clause.

On July 26, 1990, President George H. W. Bush signed the Americans with Disabilities Act into law. The act was meant to supplement the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 in further prohibiting discrimination based on disability. It is composed of five Titles including Title 1 which took effect July 26, 1992, which prohibits private employers, state and local governments, employment agencies and labor unions from discriminating against qualified individuals with disabilities in job application procedures, hiring, firing, advancement, compensation, job training, and other terms, conditions and privileges of employment. Title 1 defines an individual with a disability as : "Has a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities; Has a record of such an impairment; or Is regarded as having such an impairment." It also defines reasonable accommodation as: "Making existing facilities used by employees readily accessible to and usable by persons with disabilities. Job restructuring, modifying work schedules, reassignment to a vacant position; Acquiring or modifying equipment or devices, adjusting modifying examinations, training materials, or policies, and providing qualified readers or interpreters." The employer, however, is required to make an accommodation to the known disability of the applicant or employee if it would not impose an "undue hardship" on the operation of the employer's business. The ADA also says that employers may not ask job applicants about the nature or severity of their disability. The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission issued regulations to enforce the provisions of the ADA on July 26, 1991. These originally took effect on July 26, 1992, and covered employers with 25 or more employees. On July 26, 1994, this requirement dropped to include employers with 15 or more employees (http://www.eeoc.gov/facts/fs-ada.html).

The Americans with Disabilities Act was a huge accomplishment a long time coming for people across the country, but cases afterward have shown that there is still work that needs to be done to make this country accessible for all. One of these cases is Board of Trustees of the University of Alabama et al. v. Garret et al. Patricia Garrett was a registered nurse who was diagnosed with breast cancer and underwent a lumpectomy, radiation treatment, and chemotherapy. Her treatments required her to take substantial leave from work; however when she came back, her supervisor informed her that she would have to give up her Director position. She then had to transfer to a lower paying position as a nurse manager. She and Milton Ash sought money damages under Title I of the ADA, which prohibits the States and other employers from "discriminating against a qualified individual with a disability because of that disability...in regard to ...terms, conditions, and privileges of employment." The District Court sided with the state of Alabama stating that the ADA exceeds Congress' authority to abrogate the State's Eleventh Amendment immunity. The Eleventh Circuit Court of Alabama reversed that court's decision saying that the ADA was perfectly within its bounds (http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=US&vol=000&invol=99-1240). The case's decision was a setback for the purpose of the ADA because of its indecision by the courts, including the Supreme Court. It shows that even after the passage of such all-inclusive legislation, people with disabilities were being discriminated against.

In 1999, the National Federation of the Blind sued AOL because of its lack of accessibility. Nine defendants filed a suit against AOL for not being fully accessible to be independently used by individuals who are blind. AOL failed to redesign its internet service to permit the blind to use it through screen access programs and this violated the full and equal enjoyment and participation provisions of the ADA. The plaintiffs had a prayer for belief that the court would "(a) Declare that Defendant's actions and inactions with respect to its AOL internet service violate Title III of the ADA, (b) Enjoin Defendant from continuing to violate the ADA and order Defendant to redesign its AOL service and take such other and further steps as are necessary to allow independent access through screen access programs by persons who are blind; and (c) Grant Plaintiffs such other relief as the Court deems just, equitable, and appropriate, including an award of Plaintiff's reasonable attorney's fees, litigation expenses and costs" (http://www.education-rights.org/homenfbvaol.html). A case like this shows that even modern technology can be put to the test of following the "rules" of the ADA. This is probably a bigger accomplishment than the founders could have hoped for back in 1990.

Acknowledgement of the lack of accommodation and accessibility of public places for people with disabilities has come a long way since 1973 and Joe Bragg will be one who can tell you about the changes made since then. After he filed his complaint with the DOJ, Summers County started on a 36 month "renovation". So far they have made a curbside ramp and handicap accessible parking to the courthouse. They also hold cases in an accessible room if a party with a disability requests. However, much is still needed in the way of change. An example of this is my old college campus. Few of West Virginia Wesleyan's buildings are accessible and there are almost no signs giving directions to them around campus. Most of the problem with making these buildings accessible is that they are older and harder to renovate while keeping the essence of the building intact. Having experienced a friend's struggle to go to class and live in a certain dormitory because she uses a wheelchair brings the ongoing struggle for inclusive disability rights to a personal level. On a bright note, my alumni sorority Alpha Gamma Delta has set up a committee to make some accessibility changes around campus and hopefully will make progress soon. The American Disabilities Act has had many implications on all of our lives, whether we have disabilities or not, and will continue to do so, until all public places are accommodated and accessible.

"Board of Trustees of the University of Alabama et al. v. Garrett et al." FindLaw For Legal Professionals. http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=US&vol=000&invol=99-1240.

"City of Cleburne, Texas v. Cleburne Living Center, Inc. (No. 84-468)." Legal Information Institute-Supreme Court Collection. http://supct.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/historics/USSC_CR_0473_0432_ZS.html.

"Facts About the Americans with Disabilities Act." The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. Last Modified on January 15, 1997. http://www.eeoc.gov/facts/fs-ada.html.

"Summers County, West Virginia." Department of Justice Website. Last Updated July 31, 2002. http://www.usdoj.gov/crt/ada/sumstor.htm.

"The Rehabilitation Act of 1973, Sections 501 and 505." The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. Last Modified on January 15, 1997. http://www.eeoc.gov/policy/rehab.html.

"United States District Court For The District of Massachusetts." http://www.education-rights.org/homenfbvaol.html.

"U.S. Constitution." FindLaw For Legal Professionals. http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/data/constitution/amendments.html.

Handicap ramps -neufbox.sfr.fr

Great <b>news</b>: Author of “You didn&#39;t build that” gets prime-time slot at <b>...</b>

It's not quite as good as getting the keynote slot, which will instead go to San Antonio mayor Julian Castro, but for Republicans, it's pretty darned close to perfect. Democrats gave Elizabeth Warren the prime-time slot just ...

Great <b>news</b>: Author of “You didn&#39;t build that” gets prime-time slot at <b>...</b>

Daily <b>News</b> front page splash &#39;flat wrong,&#39; says NBC : CJR

The New York Daily News was quick to splash Tuesday's front page with news that NBC's Hoda Kotb was being flown in to rescue the Today Show's Olympics coverage from Savannah Guthrie. The paper used two sources at ...

Daily <b>News</b> front page splash &#39;flat wrong,&#39; says NBC : CJR

Digg relaunches as a general <b>news</b> site

The new Digg has just been relaunched and is now available for everyone. The new website displays all contents on the frontpage with no option to dig deeper.

Digg relaunches as a general <b>news</b> site